图热电厂
它必须有以下原理项目或设备
(i)Furnace- 燃烧燃料
（ii）蒸汽发生器or boiler -in which heat generated in the furnace is utilized to convert water into steam
(iii)原动力(steam turbine) – to use the heat energy of steam and converts into mechanical work.
(iv)Piping systemto convey steam and water.
(v)Electrical generatoror alternator – to convert mechanical power into electricity.
Fig shows a schematic arrangement of equipments of a modern coal fired steam power plant. The entire arrangement for the sake of simplicity may be divided into four main circuit as (i) Coal and ash circuit, (ii) Air and flue gases circuit, (iii) Feed water and steam circuit and (iv) Cooling water circuit.
（i）煤炭和灰循环
在煤炭储存码中收到的煤通过煤处理厂转移到炉子。在必要的煤炭制备后，从煤炭处理设备通过铲斗输送机将锅炉燃烧器带入锅炉仓。然后将煤存储在掩体中。来自掩体的煤炭通过重力落入料斗，最后煤炭的必要煤炭直接落在格栅上或在提供煤涂料的地方，煤在炉排中以煤涂布器的帮助蔓延到后端。
Ash is the product of coal combustion in the furnace, along with flue gases. About 20% of the ash falls in the bottom ash hopper of boiler and is periodically removed mechanically. The ash from hopper is removed to the ash storage by means of scrap conveyors (ash handling plant). Further ash disposed off in accordance with ash disposal arrangement.
（ii）空气和烟道气回路
通过强制风扇的作用，通过燃气预热器通过气氛从大气中取出空气，其中通过烟道气预热。预热的空气被供应到炉子以提供用于燃烧燃料的空气。由于燃料（煤）的燃烧，产生热（烟道气）。来自炉子的烟道气通过锅炉管和预热器管。烟道气虽然虽然经济化器（其中水被加热）和空气预热器（其中加热空气）。然后通过灰尘和飞灰收集装置通过灰尘和粉煤灰收集装置，其中从中取出悬浮的粉尘和粉煤灰。粉煤灰通过灰分除尘器与烟道气分离。最后，烟气通过烟囱耗尽到大气中。
(iii) Feed water and steam circuit
通过冷凝物萃取泵从冷凝器中提取冷凝物（从蒸汽转换）并通过低压进料热水器。通过来自蒸汽的热量（从涡轮机的最低压力提取点提取），水中的温度在进料热水器中升高。进料水，然后通过脱气剂和高压进料热水器，其中通过来自蒸汽的热量（从涡轮机在合适点中提取）加热。除气器从进料水（冷凝物）中去除溶解的0。然后，在经济学中加热进料水，并在饲料水泵的帮助下进入锅炉。
In the boiler, water is converted into high pressure steam which may be wet. The wet steam gets superheated when it passes through the super heater. the superheated high pressure steam is Supplied to the steam turbine. The steam first expands in high pressure stage of turbine and then expands in low pressure stage after reheated in the reheater until it brought to original dryness or superheat. After the expansion, steam is passed through condenser where it rejects heat to cooling water and condensed. The condensed steam (condensate) again feed to the boiler. A part of steam and water is lost while passing through different components, in order to compensate mass of it, the water is added in the feed water system as make up water. In order to avoid scaling and deposition in the the boiler tubes, the feed water supplied from external source is passed through purifying (water treatment plant) to reduce the dissolved salts.
(iv) Cooling water circuit
冷却水的功能是吸收来自涡轮机的蒸汽的热量并凝结蒸汽。冷却水从河流，运河，海或湖等自然来源供应。冷却水通过冷凝器，并从蒸汽吸收热量，因此加热。加热的冷却水排放到河的下侧。当足够的淡水不适用于冷凝器时，从冷凝器中出来的热水在冷却池或冷却塔中冷却。在冷却塔中，发生蒸发冷却并且损失了水。为了弥补这种损失，河流的水不断供应。当从冷凝器出来的冷却水再次冷却并供应到电容器时，该系统被称为封闭系统。当从冷凝器出来的水直接向河流向下侧，系统称为开放系统。
Main components of thermal power plant and their functions
（1）锅炉：
它是闭合压力容器，其中水通过燃烧的燃烧产生的热量转化为蒸汽。现代高压锅炉是所有水管锅炉，其中水流过管，燃烧气体流过管。高压锅炉包含单独的一组管，其构成换热
(a)Superheater: It is used to raise the temperature of steam above its saturation temperature. The superheater is located at hottest part of the boiler (in the furnace) so that heat is transferred to steam by superheater from the hot gases.(b)Reheater:它用于在高压涡轮机中膨胀后升高蒸汽的温度。在将供应到低压蒸汽涡轮机供应的蒸汽后。(c)康乐器:The function of economizer is to increase temperature of feed water using waste heat of flue gases leaving the boiler through chimney. It is located before airpreheater and after superheater and reheater in the path of the flue gases.(d)空气预热器：空气预热器的功能是利用通过烟囱的烟道气供应到炉子之前增加空气的温度。
(2) Steam turbine:
蒸汽轮机的功能是将蒸汽的热能转换成涡轮轴的旋转动力。在调制解调器中，热电厂蒸汽轮机通常具有三缸肌腱复合机，包括高压级圆筒（I-IP），中压级（I.P.）和低压级圆筒（LP）。
(3) Generator :
The function of electric generator is to convert mechanical (rotational power of turbine shaft into electric energy. The generator shaft is coupled to the turbine shaft.
(4) Condenser :
冷凝器是热交换器，由含有大量黄铜管的大圆柱形容器组成，通过该管道，冷却水循环和蒸汽在管的表面外部流动。冷凝器的功能是冷凝到来形成低压涡轮机的蒸汽。
(5) Cooling tower :
The function of cooling tower is to cool the hot water coming from the condenser. In the cooling tower the hot water is cooled with the help of the atmospheric air.
（6）饲料水泵：
它用于以所需的高压向锅炉供应给水（来自冷凝器）。
（7）循环水泵：
It is used to circulate cooling water in the condenser and cooling tower closed circuit.
(8) Coal handing plant
Wagon trippler: It is used to unload the coal when coal transported to the plant site by rail wagon. Crusher house : It is used to crush coal to a size of 10 mm. Then coal is supplied to boiler raw coal bunkers.煤磨坊: It is used to pulverise the raw coal into a fine powder before it is burnt in the boiler furnace.
(9) Draught system :
通风系统是c语言的功能reate pressure difference which is required to introduce desired quantity of air to the boiler furnace and to carry away the burned product of combustion and discharge to atmosphere.
Forced fraught (F.D) fan：F.D.风扇放置在锅炉前，它用于将空气推过空气预热器，然后用锅炉炉。Induced draught (I.D.) fan：I. D.风扇放置在烟囱底部附近，它通过锅炉和灰尘提取设备的内部绘制烟气，并迫使烟道气通过烟囱移动。